Abstract ​

From family structures to politico-legal frameworks, deeply rooted patriarchal views have historically influenced every aspect of life. Even secular laws enacted in the 19th and 20th centuries were shaped by overwhelmingly male-dominated legislative bodies. Gender norms during these times were deeply influenced by male chauvinism, with men being regarded as the dominant figure in both public and private spheres, while women were subjected to submission and obedience. Consequently, these laws bear the imprint of a patriarchal view, privileging male authority over women’s agency.

This work was previously published in The Daily Star on 12 December 2024.